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23-1
23
Use expressions
This chapter describes:
The types of expression components.
Use the Expression editor.
Which editors use expressions.
Format expressions.
Use tag names and tag placeholders with expressions.
Use constants.
Use operators.
Use math, security, and language functions.
Use if-then-else logic in expressions.
The evaluation order of operators.
Use write expressions.
About expressions
Sometimes the data you gather from devices is meaningful only when you:
Compare it to other values.
Combine it with other values.
Create a cause-effect relationship with other values.
Expressions allow you to create mathematical or logical combinations of data that return
more meaningful values. Depending on the components used in the expression, the value
returned can be in the form of a numeric value, a true/false value, or a text string.
Expressions that result in floating-point values
If an expression results in a floating-point value but an integer value is required, the
floating-point value is rounded.
For information about how values are rounded, see page 7-2.
- View Machine Edition 1
- Contents 3
- 3 • Plan applications 4
- 4 • Work with applications 4
- 5 • Set up communications 5
- 6 • Work with tags 5
- 7 • Use HMI tags 6
- 8 • Set up global connections 6
- 9 • Set up alarms 7
- 11 • Set up security 9
- • • • • • 10
- 17 • Use your application 12
- 18 • Work with components 14
- 19 • Use graphic displays 14
- 20 • Use graphic objects 15
- 21 • Set up graphic objects 17
- 22 • Animate graphic objects 18
- 23 • Use expressions 19
- 24 • Use embedded variables 20
- 26 • Set up data logging 20
- 27 • Use information messages 21
- 28 • Set up trends 21
- 30 • Use macros 22
- 29 • Set up RecipePlus 22
- C • System tags 24
- D • ODBC database schema 24
- F • RFC1766 names 24
- About the documentation 28
- Find the information you need 29
- Information on the Internet 29
- Getting Started 31
- FactoryTalk tools 33
- Start FactoryTalk View Studio 35
- Exit FactoryTalk View Studio 35
- Open sample applications 36
- The menu bar 38
- The toolbar 39
- The Explorer window 39
- The workspace 39
- The Diagnostics List 39
- The status bar 40
- Workbook tabs 41
- Use the Explorer window 42
- View the Explorer window 44
- Work with editors 44
- Locate editors 44
- Open editors 45
- Close editors 46
- Select a printer 48
- Print at run time 49
- Plan applications 51
- Collect data 52
- Design an HMI tag database 52
- Collect information 52
- Organize tags 52
- Plan graphic displays 53
- Design displays 54
- Usability 55
- Plan languages 55
- Plan alarms 56
- Diagnostics messages 56
- Plan trends 56
- Plan recipes 57
- Design a secure system 57
- Work with applications 59
- Run-time application file 60
- Component files 60
- External folders 60
- Naming files 62
- Creat applications 62
- Import applications 63
- Open applications 65
- Open multiple applications 67
- FactoryTalk View ME 67
- Close applications 68
- About project settings 69
- Title bar 73
- Specify project settings 75
- View application properties 76
- View HMI server properties 76
- Set up communications 79
- Create data servers 80
- Set up an OPC data server 81
- Update data server caches 82
- Work with tags 85
- HMI tags 86
- Basic steps for using tags 86
- When to use data server tags 87
- Eliminate duplication 87
- Use complex data 87
- When to use HMI tags 88
- Steps for using HMI tags 89
- Browse for tags 89
- Use the Tag Browser 90
- Show server names 91
- Browse for off-line tags 91
- Log tag values 96
- Use HMI tags 97
- How values are rounded 98
- Use the Tags editor 99
- Search for HMI tags 100
- Data sources 102
- The data source 102
- Organize HMI tags 104
- Name tags 104
- Use folders to group tags 105
- View tag statistics 105
- Set up global connections 111
- Update the date and time 112
- Change displays 114
- Set up remote display changes 115
- Print displays 115
- Close On Top displays 116
- Run macros 116
- Monitor run-time RAM usage 117
- Set up alarms 121
- Summary of steps 122
- Prepare to set up alarms 123
- Tags and expressions 124
- Identify alarm conditions 124
- How alarms work 124
- Alarm notification methods 126
- Show alarm information 126
- Interact with alarms 127
- The alarm log file 130
- Alarm trigger data types 131
- The Value trigger type 131
- The Bit trigger type 132
- Tips for using array tags 135
- Equivalent data types 136
- RSLinx Enterprise tag syntax 136
- ’s messages in 137
- How the Ack connection works 139
- How messages are queued 143
- The [ALARM] display 146
- The [ALARM BANNER] display 146
- The [STATUS] display 148
- The [HISTORY] display 149
- Create your own alarm display 151
- Open the display 151
- Close the display 151
- What is shown 152
- How the list scrolls 153
- Alarm buttons 156
- Link buttons to objects 157
- Key buttons 158
- Acknowledge all alarms 159
- Silence alarms 159
- Clear and delete messages 160
- Sort alarms 160
- Reset alarm status 160
- Retain alarm status 161
- About FactoryTalk Diagnostics 163
- Browse diagnostics messages 163
- Destinations 164
- Message routing 165
- Categories 165
- Message severities 166
- Audiences 166
- Log to an ODBC database 169
- Route messages 170
- The [DIAGNOSTICS] display 173
- Set up security 177
- The DEFAULT user 181
- Log out automatically 190
- Application examples 191
- Uncommon security permissions 197
- Set up language switching 201
- The default language 202
- Install Windows languages 204
- Set up Windows fonts 204
- Windows locale settings 205
- Remove languages 206
- Export text in Unicode format 206
- Problems exporting 208
- File name and format 209
- File schema 211
- Call "Duty Manager" 212
- Call Duty Manager 212
- Import text 213
- Problems importing 214
- Cancel importing 214
- Set up display navigation 217
- Test display navigation 219
- Switch languages 219
- Display type 220
- Goto display buttons 220
- Goto configure mode buttons 220
- Return to display buttons 221
- Close display buttons 222
- Display list selectors 222
- Shutdown buttons 223
- Create run-time applications 225
- Test your application 226
- Load and run applications 236
- Shut down applications 237
- Change application settings 238
- Edit device shortcuts 238
- Delete log files manually 248
- Use the DeskLock tool 249
- About the download 256
- Serial downloads 256
- About the upload 258
- Serial uploads 258
- Compare applications 258
- Use your application 259
- Domain authentication 260
- Log in to the application 265
- 4.00 and later applications 265
- 3.20 and earlier applications 265
- Problems with logging in 267
- Change passwords 268
- Add a user or group 272
- Delete a user or group 274
- Unlock a user 278
- Disable a user 280
- Enable a user 280
- Change User Properties 281
- Enter numeric values 281
- Activate the cursor point 282
- Ramp numeric values 282
- Use the numeric pop-up keypad 282
- How values are ramped 284
- How values are calculated 285
- Enter string values 286
- Change tag values 291
- View tag data 293
- View alarms and messages 295
- Change languages 296
- Work with components 297
- Create components 298
- Open components 298
- Save components 298
- Close components 298
- Delete components 300
- Remove components 300
- Rename components 300
- Duplicate components 301
- Use graphic displays 303
- Before you begin 304
- Use the Graphics editor 305
- Use context menus 308
- Use the toolbars 309
- Show displays in grayscale 310
- Use the grid 310
- Zoom in and out 311
- Correct mistakes 312
- Set up graphic displays 313
- Specify display settings 313
- About display types 314
- Resize displays 315
- Use graphic libraries 316
- Work with Symbol Factory 316
- To open Symbol Factory: 317
- To select a graphic: 317
- Manipulate the graphic: 317
- Create graphic libraries 318
- Use Symbol Factory 326
- Tips for using images 327
- Use local messages 328
- Use the Local Messages editor 329
- How local messages work 330
- Print displays at run time 332
- Use graphic objects 335
- About connections 336
- Illustrate your displays 337
- Control the application 337
- Start and control processes 338
- Show alarms and messages 344
- Create graphic objects 346
- Create drawing objects 347
- Create text 347
- Create images 349
- Create panels 350
- Create arcs and wedges 351
- Create ellipses and circles 352
- Create freehand shapes 352
- Create lines 352
- Create polygons and polylines 353
- Create rectangles and squares 354
- Use .wmf and .dxf files 356
- Use ActiveX objects 356
- Select and deselect objects 358
- Use the Object Explorer 359
- Use the Properties dialog box 361
- Use the Property Panel 364
- Set up properties 365
- Name objects 368
- Assign tags 370
- Use tag placeholders 374
- Move objects 376
- Copy objects 377
- Duplicate objects 379
- Resize objects 379
- Reshape drawing objects 381
- Delete objects 382
- Work with groups of objects 382
- Group and ungroup objects 382
- Edit groups of objects 383
- Edit objects within a group 384
- Arrange objects 385
- Layer objects 385
- Align objects 387
- Space objects 389
- Flip drawing objects 390
- Rotate drawing objects 390
- Lock objects into position 391
- Set up graphic objects 393
- Add and remove states 395
- Use touch margins 396
- Function key equivalents 398
- What input focus looks like 400
- Set up buttons 408
- How to use push buttons 410
- Set up Momentary push buttons 411
- Set up Latched push buttons 414
- Set up Ramp buttons 419
- Set up numeric displays 420
- How values are shown 420
- Problems with showing values 420
- Set up string displays 425
- Set up Goto display buttons 427
- Set up close display buttons 428
- Set up display list selectors 429
- How to use indicators 431
- Set up multistate indicators 431
- Set up symbols 433
- Set up list indicators 434
- Set up bar graphs 438
- Set up gauges 439
- Set up scales 440
- Set up control list selectors 441
- Set up local message displays 446
- Set up Macro buttons 448
- Set up time and date displays 449
- Set up alarm lists 452
- Set up alarm banners 453
- Set up alarm status lists 454
- Set up diagnostics lists 456
- Animate graphic objects 459
- Use the Animation dialog box 460
- Test animation 463
- Use expressions 464
- Define a range of motion 465
- Use Object Smart Path 465
- Set up visibility animation 467
- Set up color animation 468
- Set up fill animation 471
- Set up width animation 472
- Set up height animation 473
- Set up rotation animation 473
- Apply animation to groups 474
- Expression components 480
- Use the Expression editor 480
- Where you can use expressions 482
- Format expressions 482
- Constants 484
- Arithmetic operators 484
- String operands 485
- Relational operators 485
- Logical operators 485
- Bitwise operators 486
- Use the left shift operator 487
- Evaluation order of operators 488
- Mathematical functions 491
- Security functions 491
- Language function 492
- , information 493
- If-then-else 494
- Nested if-then-else 495
- Use write expressions 496
- Use embedded variables 499
- Create embedded variables 500
- Embedded variable syntax 501
- Numeric embedded variables 505
- String embedded variables 506
- Create parameter files 510
- Use the Parameters editor 511
- Use global objects 516
- Create reference objects 518
- Delete the base object 520
- Use global object parameters 520
- Set up data logging 525
- Data Log Models 526
- Create Data Log Models 526
- Data storage locations 527
- Data logging methods 527
- Tags in the data log model 528
- Problems with data logging 529
- Use information messages 531
- How information messages work 534
- The [INFORMATION] display 536
- Set up trends 539
- Create trend objects 541
- The parts of a trend 543
- Trend border 543
- Trend window 543
- Pen icons 545
- Pen markers 545
- Chart types 545
- Standard vs. XY Plots 545
- Isolated graphing 546
- The trend border color 547
- The trend window color 547
- Test the trend 548
- Print trend data 550
- Run-time errors for the trend 550
- Set up RecipePlus 551
- How the recipe system works 552
- RecipePlus selector 552
- RecipePlus table 552
- RecipePlus button 553
- Number format 554
- Numeric limits 554
- Set up recipe files 556
- Compare recipes 558
- Time and date formats 559
- Print recipes 559
- Create RecipePlus objects 560
- Test RecipePlus objects 560
- Use macros 565
- Use the Macros editor 566
- When to use macros 566
- Where to assign macros 568
- Terminology 569
- Equivalent graphic objects 573
- Unsupported graphic objects 576
- Screen security settings 577
- Block tags 577
- Unsupported tag data types 577
- Unsupported initial values 578
- Convert RIO communications 578
- Convert expressions 581
- Equivalent expression syntax 582
- Unsupported expression syntax 583
- Order of precedence 584
- Bit array tags 592
- System tags 597
- ODBC database schema 601
- About XML 603
- Edit XML files 604
- Save XML files in Notepad 604
- Test XML files 604
- Import XML files 605
- Error log file 605
- Import alarm XML files 605
- RFC1766 names 607
- Which versions are supported 613
- Active and unacknowledged 620
- Import graphics XML files 625
- Graphics XML file structure 625
- See .dxf files 635
- See .bmp files 636
- See Graphic Displays editor 641
- See Window size 641
- See Graphic displays 641
- See Communication drivers 642
- See Process faceplates 644
- See also Diagnostics messages 644
- See also Base objects 646
- See also Reference objects 646
- See Special keys 652
- See also 653
- See also Tag values 654
- See also Languages 655
- See Graphic libraries 656
- See WINtelligent LOGIC 5 tags 656
- See data servers, OPC 661
- See Tag placeholders 663
- See Current trends 665
- See Diagnostics messages 671
- See .wmf files 677
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